A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Singh, D.P.
- Co-Integration Analysis of Wholesale Price of Wheat in Selected Market of Sriganganagar District of Rajasthan
Authors
1 College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner, Rajasthan, IN
2 Agro-Economic Research Centre, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 3, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 186-193Abstract
Background: Agricultural price movements have been a matter of serious concern for policy makers in our country as the behaviour of agricultural prices is affecting adversely to the steady economic development. This paper test market co- integration of wheat in Sriganganagar District of Rajasthan.
Methods: This paper tests the extent of co-integration of wholesale prices of wheat among major markets of Sriganganagar district of Rajasthan by using Johansen test, examined the causality by granger causality tests and also captures the speed of adjustment to deviations in long run equilibrium in wheat markets by using Vector Error Correction Model(VECM). The data used in the co-integration analysis consists of monthly wholesale prices of nine gram dominated markets of Rajasthan for the period from 2005 to 2014.Monthly wholesale price data were for the study.
Findings: The results of the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit ischolar_main test for wheat showed that the existing data were non-stationary but their first differences were stationary. After taking first difference, all the series becomes stationary which is obvious from the fact that calculated values (-9.296309 to -14.18193) for all the markets were less than the critical value (- 4.038365)and were free from the consequence of unit ischolar_main. Johansen's co-integration test for wheat indicated the presence of at least eight co-integrating equation at 5 per cent level of significance. Hence markets were having long run equilibrium relationship. The pairwise granger's causality test for selected markets was significant at 1% level which was indicative of mutual influence exerted by the markets on each other.
Application/Improvements: Public policies in Sriganganagar district could play critical roles in facilitating market integration and thereby, market efficiency through the development of agricultural market information systems and road infrastructure.
Keywords
Co-Integration, VECM, Granger Causality Test, Whole Sale Price, Wheat.References
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- Estimation of effective Debye temperature of polymeric solutions at 303.15 K based on quasi-crystalline model
Authors
1 Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab-140 401, India., IN
2 Acoustics Research Center, Mississauga, ON, L5A 1Y7, Canada., CA
3 Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar-144 011, India., IN
Source
Journal of Pure and Applied Ultrasonics, Vol 44, No 3-4 (2022), Pagination: 64-73Abstract
Based on the quasi-crystalline model of liquids, effective Debye temperature (θ D )of six binary polymeric solutions has been computed at 303.15 K using ultrasound velocity and density data. The binary systems studied herein are polypropylene glycol (PPG) 400 + ethanol, PPG-400 + 1-propanol, and PPG-400 + 1-butanol, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 + methyl acrylate, PEG 200 + ethyl acrylate, and PEG-200 + n-butyl acrylate. To understand the anharmonic and quasi crystalline behaviour of these systems, several other parameters such as excess Debye temperature, diffusion constant, latent heat of melting, Debye frequency, pseudo-Grüneisen parameter (Γ), Bayer's parameter (B/A) and Lennard-Jones potential repulsive term exponent have also been determined. Excess Debye temperature values are fitted with the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. From the knowledge of R-K coefficients, the physico-chemical characteristics of the binary mixtures are analyzed and discussed in terms of molecular interactions leading to the existence of quasi-crystalline structures in the systems under study. The effect of the variation of the alkyl chain of alkanols on the properties of PPG-400 + n-alkanol binary systems has been investigated. In addition, the effect of alkyl chain variation of acrylates on the properties of PEG-200 + alkyl acrylate binary systems has also been studied. The analysis of the obtained results points out that the effective Debye temperature and other related parameters can be successfully estimated for these binary polymeric solutions using quasi-crystalline model. The present investigation provides significant information about the existence of quasi crystalline structures and the related structural changes occurring in these polymer solutions with variation of the type and concentration of a solute.Keywords
Effective Debye Temperature, Polymers, Quasi-Crystalline State, Excess Parameters, Binary Polymer Solutions.References
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